Which protocol utilizes CSMA/CD for access control?

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a network protocol used to manage access to a shared communication medium, primarily in wired Ethernet networks. This protocol enables devices on the network to listen to the medium before transmitting, thus minimizing data collisions. When a device detects that the medium is busy, it waits for a random period before checking again. If a collision occurs during transmission, the devices involved will stop transmitting and follow a backoff algorithm to attempt retransmission after waiting.

Ethernet, particularly in its early implementations, relied heavily on CSMA/CD to ensure that multiple devices could communicate effectively over the same network segment. This protocol is fundamental to the operation of traditional Ethernet technologies before the development of switch-based networks, which largely eliminated collisions by providing a dedicated path for each connection.

In contrast, the other protocols mentioned do not utilize CSMA/CD. Wi-Fi uses CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance), which is designed to reduce the chances of collision due to the nature of wireless transmissions. Bluetooth, typically using frequency hopping and time division multiplexing, manages device communication differently and does not rely on CSMA/CD. Token Ring networks employ a token-passing mechanism to control access to the medium, which completely