What is the purpose of a MAC address?

The purpose of a MAC address is to uniquely identify a network interface on a Local Area Network (LAN). Every network interface card (NIC) is assigned a MAC address by its manufacturer, and this address is a hardware identifier that allows devices on the same network to communicate with each other.

When data packets are transmitted over the network, they include the MAC addresses of both the sender and the recipient, ensuring that the correct device receives the data. This unique identification is crucial for maintaining proper communication and routing within a network, particularly in Ethernet networks where devices are often interconnected.

The MAC address serves as a fundamental component of the network protocol stack, enabling devices to distinguish themselves from one another and ensuring that data is delivered to the intended recipient. This is essential for efficient and effective networking, as it allows for proper data handling and reduces the risk of data collisions in the shared communication medium.