What does Half-Duplex refer to in data transmission?

Half-Duplex refers to a method of data transmission where communication can happen in both directions, but not simultaneously. This means that while one device is sending data, the other device has to wait until the transmission is complete before it can send its own data back. This mode is commonly used in various networking technologies, such as walkie-talkies or two-way radios, where one user must wait for the other to finish speaking before responding.

In contrast to full-duplex communication, which allows for simultaneous two-way data transmission, half-duplex ensures that only one device can send or receive data at any given time. This distinction is crucial for understanding bandwidth allocation and the efficiency of communication protocols in networking environments.