What does a network switch primarily do?

A network switch primarily functions to filter and forward data packets between devices on a local area network (LAN). When devices, such as computers, printers, or servers, are connected to a switch, the switch intelligently directs data traffic between these devices based on their MAC addresses. This enables efficient communication by ensuring that data packets reach their specific destination without unnecessary transmission to all connected devices.

The capability of the switch to learn and store the MAC addresses of connected devices allows it to maintain a forwarding table, optimizing data flow and enhancing network performance. This filtering and forwarding mechanism is fundamental to how switches operate, distinguishing them from other network devices.

While devices can connect through a switch, transforming it into a hub for multiple connections, the core functionality resides in its ability to manage data traffic effectively.