At which OSI model layers does Ethernet primarily operate?

Ethernet primarily operates at the Data Link Layer and the Physical Layer of the OSI model. These two layers are essential for how Ethernet functions in networking.

At the Physical Layer, Ethernet defines the hardware specifications, including the cables, connectors, and signaling used to transmit raw bits over a physical medium. This layer is responsible for the least abstract representation of data transmission, dealing directly with the electrical or optical signals that transfer information.

At the Data Link Layer, Ethernet provides mechanisms for reliable communication between devices on the same local area network (LAN). It handles framing, addressing (using MAC addresses), error detection and correction, and flow control. This layer ensures that messages are delivered to the correct destination within the LAN, enabling devices to communicate efficiently at this level.

The other layers mentioned in the incorrect options serve different purposes in the OSI model. The Application and Presentation layers deal with higher-level functions like user interfaces and data format translation, while the Network and Transport layers focus on routing and delivering packets across networks, which do not directly pertain to the Ethernet standard.